A fire extinguisher can help save lives and protect property by putting out a small fire or slowing its spread until the fire department arrives. Because a fire can double in size every minute, every second counts. Consider keeping one or more fire extinguishers in your home and learn how to use and maintain them properly.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are labeled with letters and symbols that show the types of fires they are designed to put out. There are five common classes of fire extinguishers. For most homes, an "A-B-C" fire extinguisher is recommended because it can be used on many common types of fires.

If you are buying a fire extinguisher for your business, choose one that is designed for the types of fires that could occur in your workplace. Also, make sure you can safely lift and use the extinguisher. Larger extinguishers may hold more extinguishing agent, but they can be heavier and more difficult to operate.

Fire Extinguisher Types:

• Class A: Ordinary combustibles (e.g., wood, cloth, and paper)
• Class B: Flammable liquids (e.g., grease, gasoline, and oil)
• Class C: Electrical equipment (e.g., circuit breakers and appliances)
• Class D: Combustible metals (e.g., magnesium and aluminum)
• Class K: Cooking oils and fats (e.g., vegetable oils and animal fats)

An infographic highlighting the different types of fire extinguishers (Ver en Español).

Before Using a Fire Extinguisher

During a fire, you may want to use a fire extinguisher right away. However, there are important steps to take first:

1. Identify your escape route. Make sure you have a clear way to leave if the fire grows or you cannot put it out. Store your fire extinguisher in a location that is easy to access without blocking your escape path.
2. Alert everyone in your home. Make sure everyone knows about the fire and can begin evacuating right away.
3. Call 9-1-1. The fire department should be on the way before you attempt to put out a fire. When firefighters arrive, they can inspect the area and make sure the fire is fully extinguished.
4. Assess the fire. Only use a fire extinguisher if the fire is small, contained, not spreading quickly, and the area is not filled with smoke.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

SJFD's Fire Engineer Kevin Schriver provides an overview of fire extinguishers. (Mire el video en español)

After completing the steps above, you may be ready to use a fire extinguisher. Only adults who understand how to safely operate a fire extinguisher should attempt to use one. Fire extinguishers should not be used by children, as they may not have the strength or experience needed to use one safely.

1. Stand back. Face the fire while keeping your identified exit behind you. Stay about 6 to 8 feet away from the flames as you prepare to use the extinguisher.
   
   
2. Use the fire extinguisher. Remember the acronym P.A.S.S.:
   
   1. Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with the nozzle pointing away from you and remove the locking pin.
   2. Aim low. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire.
   3. Squeeze the handle. Press the handle slowly and evenly.
   4. Sweep side to side. Move the nozzle from side to side across the base of the fire.
      
      
3. Get to a safe place. If the fire goes out, continue to monitor the area for signs of the fire returning. If you cannot put out the fire, leave immediately and move to a safe location. Call 9-1-1 if you have not already done so.

How to Store a Fire Extinguisher

To keep your fire extinguisher ready to use, follow these storage and maintenance tips:

• Keep it easy to access. Make sure nothing blocks your fire extinguisher or prevents you from reaching it quickly. Install extinguishers no more than 5 feet above the floor, near an exit, and away from heat sources. Keep them where adults can easily access them, but out of reach of children.
• Inspect it monthly. Check that the extinguisher, hose, and nozzle are not damaged, dented, or rusted. Make sure the pressure gauge is in the green zone, which means the extinguisher is properly pressurized.
• Dispose of old or used extinguishers properly. Fire extinguishers can be disposed of through the County of Santa Clara's Household Hazardous Waste program. Visit www.hhw.org to learn more.
• Read the instruction manual. Different fire extinguishers may have different maintenance requirements. Some need to be shaken monthly, while others require pressure testing every few years. Some extinguishers can be refilled, while others must be replaced.
• Keep it clean. Wipe away dust, oil, grease, or other debris from the outside of the extinguisher.

Where to Store a Fire Extinguisher

Some areas of your home have a higher risk of fire than others. To save valuable time during a fire, identify these areas and keep fire extinguishers nearby. Consider storing fire extinguishers in these locations:

• Kitchen: The kitchen is one of the most important places to keep a fire extinguisher because cooking is the leading cause of reported home fires.* Stoves, grease, and high-wattage appliances can increase the risk of fire.
• Each Floor: If your home has multiple levels, keep a fire extinguisher accessible on each floor.
• Garage: Garages may contain flammable materials such as paint, oil, and gasoline. Power tools and other equipment can also increase the risk of fire.
• Laundry Room: Dryers produce heat, and built-up lint can catch fire. Keep a fire extinguisher nearby.
• Patio or Grill Area: If you use a barbecue grill or fire pit, keep a fire extinguisher nearby.
• Other Areas: Keep fire extinguishers near other heat sources, such as fireplaces, chimneys, wood stoves, and furnaces.